Understanding Ibn ʿArabī
Few individuals have influenced Sufi thought as profoundly as Ibn ʿArabī (d. 638/1240). Revered by many, he continues to stoke controversy.
How the Nuṣayris Hijacked Syria
The Nusayris worship Ali as God and believe in reincarnation, yet they ruled Syria for over fifty years. Discover how this obscure sect…
A Short Biography of Rashad Khalifa
Rashad Khalifa claimed to have discovered a mathematical miracle in the Quran, then declared himself a prophet. Discover the life and…
A Brief History of the Mu’tazila
Who were the Mu'tazila? Explore their five principles, the Quran createdness controversy, and why Sunni scholars ultimately rejected them.
The Khawarij View of Legitimate Leadership
Who were the Khawarij? Discover how they rejected both Sunni and Shia leadership theories.
The Origins of the Zaydīs
Who are the Zaydis and how do they differ from Twelver Shia? Discover their origins, the betrayal at Kufa, and why that moment gave birth to…
The Origin of the Ismā‘īlīs
How did the Ismailis emerge after the eleventh Imam's death? From the Fatimid conquest of Egypt to the Qarmatians stealing the Black Stone.
A brief history of Sufism
Where did Sufism come from? This article traces its origins in Christian monasticism, its early development and the doctrines Sunni scholars rejected.